William joseph bray biography definition
William Joseph Bray Bray is a Physicist and Chemist by education, working as a Physicist and Pharmaceutical Research Chemist for over twenty years..
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STRs (short tandem repeat) and SNPs (single nucleotidepolymorphism) are two different types of Y-DNA marker.
STR markers are tested by FTDNA in panels of 12, 25, 37, 67, and 111 markers. Approximately every few generations, randomly, a variation occurs in a marker (which is passed on to subsequent generations), and analysis of variations allows us to predict how closely related individuals with matching Y-DNA marker results are.
William Joseph Bray The century old debate that rattles on to this day; 'consciousness creates reality.' This is often referred to as the Von Neumann-Wigner.
For this reason analysis of STR markers is the main focus of a surname study. In contrast to STR markers, new SNP markers occur with much less frequency. All samples that are subjected to Y-DNA STR marker testing will be provided with a basic haplogroup and SNP prediction.
Deep clade testing can refine the haplogroup by testing further SNPs downstream of the predicted SNP (i.e. newer than the predicted SNP). At the current time few SNPs of age less than 1000 years are known, and therefore people who share a common SNP are likely to possess a wide v